Global climate change is primarily caused by greenhouse gas ghg emissions that result in warming of the atmosphere ipcc 2013. Detailed information on the emissions sub components are available elsewhere in the faostat emissions agriculture and land use domains.
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The largest contributors from agriculture are non co2 emissions from crop and livestock activities within the farm gate and carbon losses from land use mainly due to deforestation and peatland degradation.
Climate change livestock emissions. Livestock supply chains account for 7 1 gt co 2 equivalent to 14 5 of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions along livestock supply chains. Facts and fiction on livestock and climate change.
Livestock products are responsible for more greenhouse gases emissions than most other food sources. Impact of livestock on climate change the most important greenhouse gases from animal agriculture are methane and nitrous oxide. A number of initiatives within the agenda aim at tackling climate change including the livestock environment assessment and performance leap partnership which develops common metrics and methodologies to define and measure environmental performance and ghg emissions in livestock supply chains and the reducing enteric methane for improving food security and livelihoods project with the climate and clean air coalition.
By comparison direct emissions from livestock account for 2 3 gigatons of co2 equivalent or 5 of the. Hence there is a need to balance the benefits of animal source foods and livelihoods of livestock keepers with the urgent need to limit the global temperature increase to below two degrees celsius. The report was written by the following fao staff members.
They are however a major source of greenhouse gas ghg emissions accounting for nearly 14 5 percent of the total. Emissions are caused by feed production enteric fermentation animal waste and land use change. The analysis was conducted at fao s animal production and health division aga headed by berhe tekola and co financed by the mitigation of climate change in agriculture micca programme.
These emissions mainly consist of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from fuel combustion. In the 1970s 140 million head of cattle were needed to meet demand. Livestock production is likely to be adversely affected by climate change competition for land and water and food security at a time when it is most needed thornton 2010.
Methane mainly produced by enteric fermentation and manure storage is a gas which has an effect on global warming 28 times higher than carbon dioxide. Better breeding genetics and nutrition have increased the efficiency of livestock production in the u s. Cows and other ruminants account for just 4 percent of all greenhouse gases produced in the united states he said and beef cattle just 2 percent of direct emissions.
As the november 2015 global climate change conference cop21 concluded in paris 196 countries reached agreement on the reduction of fossil fuel use and emissions in the production and consumption of energy even to the extent of potentially phasing out fossil fuels out entirely.
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